Kamis, 31 Maret 2016

! Fee Download Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz, by Richard H. Immerman

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Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz, by Richard H. Immerman



Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz, by Richard H. Immerman

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Empire for Liberty: A History of American Imperialism from Benjamin Franklin to Paul Wolfowitz, by Richard H. Immerman

How could the United States, a nation founded on the principles of liberty and equality, have produced Abu Ghraib, torture memos, Plamegate, and warrantless wiretaps? Did America set out to become an empire? And if so, how has it reconciled its imperialism--and in some cases, its crimes--with the idea of liberty so forcefully expressed in the Declaration of Independence? Empire for Liberty tells the story of men who used the rhetoric of liberty to further their imperial ambitions, and reveals that the quest for empire has guided the nation's architects from the very beginning--and continues to do so today.

Historian Richard Immerman paints nuanced portraits of six exceptional public figures who manifestly influenced the course of American empire: Benjamin Franklin, John Quincy Adams, William Henry Seward, Henry Cabot Lodge, John Foster Dulles, and Paul Wolfowitz. Each played a pivotal role as empire builder and, with the exception of Adams, did so without occupying the presidency. Taking readers from the founding of the republic to the Global War on Terror, Immerman shows how each individual's influence arose from a keen sensitivity to the concerns of his times; how the trajectory of American empire was relentless if not straight; and how these shrewd and powerful individuals shaped their rhetoric about liberty to suit their needs.

But as Immerman demonstrates in this timely and provocative book, liberty and empire were on a collision course. And in the Global War on Terror and the occupation of Iraq, they violently collided.

  • Sales Rank: #638658 in Books
  • Published on: 2012-08-26
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.48" h x .66" w x 5.52" l, .85 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 288 pages

Review
"The book makes a very compelling case that imperialism has always been a centerpiece of the American project. Its brisk and readable style makes it useful for courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels."--Paul T. McCartney, Journal of American History

"Empire for Liberty deserves a wide audience of students, scholars, and even general readers. Immerman provides crucial, poorly understood background that helps place recent controversies in a broad context, and he offers fresh analysis of some of America's most colorful and complicated thinkers about America's place in the world."--Mark Atwood Lawrence, History Teacher

"Overall, Immerman has written one of the best descriptions and analyses of 'American empire'--its meaning, evolution, and key figures that have impacted the idea. Empire for Liberty is essential reading for students and enthusiasts of American history and the United States' place in and approach to the world, historically and contemporarily."--Stefan Fergus, Civilian Reader

"In this penetrating, lively account that introduces readers to diplomatic history in a most painless way, Immerman offers case studies of six public figures whose choices affected the ever-increasing power of the U.S."--Choice

"Immerman has produced a masterly if controversial conspectus that leads the reader far beyond the six men featured in the book."--Gill Bennett, RUSI Journal

"Empire for Liberty makes important contributions by demonstrating how U.S. efforts to expand its empire gradually pushed it farther from the East Coast and further from its constituting ideals. . . . Empire for Liberty puts a mirror in front of us, forcing us to accept the complexity of designing a moral foreign policy that still serves a national interest."--Barak Mendelsohn, Political Science Quarterly

"Given the directness, the clarity, and the analytical rigor with which Richard H. Immerman has assessed American imperialism, he obviously was not intimidated by the words, the concept, or U.S. imperial practices."--Joseph A. Fry, Marine Corps University Journal

"Empire for Liberty should be mandatory reading for anyone seeking to better understand how and why notions of empire and liberty drove the American experience, and the extent to which this nexus remains central to understanding contemporary US engagement with the rest of the world."--Andrew L. Johns, Canadian Journal of History

"This book is a welcome addition to the growing body of scholarly work that grapples with the notion of America as an empire. . . . [T]he essays in this book well repay reading by anyone who wonders about the big questions that swirl around America's rise to global prominence."--Frank Ninkovich, Historian

From the Back Cover

"Empire for Liberty places both the theory and the practice of empire inside history. Richard Immerman's complex, ironic account of the American empire and its relation to the concept of liberty is an essential analysis of how the United States became the kind of power it is today and where it might now be going."--Marilyn B. Young, New York University

"Immerman, one of the most accomplished and distinguished historians of twentieth-century U.S. foreign relations, tackles a subject of enormous importance. This short book fills a vacuum by presenting a brisk but analytically challenging synthesis through the lives of six individuals who played pivotal roles in the growth, evolution, and maturation of the American empire."--Robert J. McMahon, author of The Limits of Empire: The United States and Southeast Asia since World War II

"Game over. With the appearance of Richard Immerman's brilliantly conceived and incisive book, the post-9/11 competition to map the origins, evolution, and present-day afflictions of the American empire has ended. Empire for Liberty sweeps the field."--Andrew J. Bacevich, author of The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism

"This is a superb book about a timely subject. Immerman tackles the idea of empire, a concept that Americans have preferred not to talk about and historians have shied away from. Given the importance of the topic and the ongoing debate over the future of U.S. foreign policy, this book should attract a readership beyond academia."--George C. Herring, author of From Colony to Superpower: U.S. Foreign Relations since 1776

"Forceful, engaging, and provocative. Immerman makes a significant contribution to American history by synthesizing the ways representative policymakers have conceived of the question of American empire. Empire for Liberty will be a well-read and important book."--Jeffrey A. Engel, editor of The China Diary of George H. W. Bush

About the Author
Richard H. Immerman is the Edward J. Buthusiem Family Distinguished Faculty Fellow in History and the Marvin Wachman Director of the Center for the Study of Force and Diplomacy at Temple University. His books include John Foster Dulles: Piety, Pragmatism, and Power in U.S. Foreign Policy and The CIA in Guatemala: The Foreign Policy of Intervention.

Most helpful customer reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
A Primer on US Imperialism
By Brandon Whisenhunt
This book looks at the history of American empire and its evolution though the lives of six individuals: Benjamin Franklin,John Quincy Adams, William Henry Seward, Henry Cabot Lodge, John Foster Dulles, and Paul Wolfowitz. Their combined lives span the history of the United States and each in his own way contributed to the building of the American empire.

The edition that I have (hardcover) is riddled with spelling errors, though it didn't detract from my enjoyment of the book.

If you're into history, specifically the the history of US foreign relations, you may find this book really interesting.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Great for students of Imperialism
By Click Mann
Excellent answer t o the question as to why america is viewed the way it is around the world.

Small correction...the huddled masses phrase quoted a page 155 is NOT inscribed on the Statue of Liberty. It is on a bronze plaque that was later attached to the statue and was not part of the Statues intent or meme. It is a corruption. The statue is the Statue of Liberty NOT the Statue of Immigration. That plaque has its own agenda in being placed..Historically the plaque should be removed to another location. There was an agenda in it being so attached.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By glongpilot
The history lesson is wonderful.

See all 3 customer reviews...

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Selasa, 29 Maret 2016

^^ Ebook Download The Next Great Globalization: How Disadvantaged Nations Can Harness Their Financial Systems to Get Rich, by Frederic S. Mishkin

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The Next Great Globalization: How Disadvantaged Nations Can Harness Their Financial Systems to Get Rich, by Frederic S. Mishkin

Many prominent critics regard the international financial system as the dark side of globalization, threatening disadvantaged nations near and far. But in The Next Great Globalization, eminent economist Frederic Mishkin argues the opposite: that financial globalization today is essential for poor nations to become rich. Mishkin argues that an effectively managed financial globalization promises benefits on the scale of the hugely successful trade and information globalizations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This financial revolution can lift developing nations out of squalor and increase the wealth and stability of emerging and industrialized nations alike. By presenting an unprecedented picture of the potential benefits of financial globalization, and by showing in clear and hard-headed terms how these gains can be realized, Mishkin provides a hopeful vision of the next phase of globalization.

Mishkin draws on historical examples to caution that mismanagement of financial globalization, often aided and abetted by rich elites, can wreak havoc in developing countries, but he uses these examples to demonstrate how better policies can help poor nations to open up their economies to the benefits of global investment. According to Mishkin, the international community must provide incentives for developing countries to establish effective property rights, banking regulations, accounting practices, and corporate governance--the institutions necessary to attract and manage global investment. And the West must be a partner in integrating the financial systems of rich and poor countries--to the benefit of both.

The Next Great Globalization makes the case that finance will be a driving force in the twenty-first-century economy, and demonstrates how this force can and should be shaped to the benefit of all, especially the disadvantaged nations most in need of growth and prosperity.

  • Sales Rank: #1247841 in Books
  • Published on: 2008-01-23
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.21" h x .72" w x 6.14" l, 1.00 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 320 pages

Review
"This is an excellent, easy-to-understand and well-written exposition of the benefits of financial globalization, persuasively setting out the case for financial liberalization in developing countries--against the tidal wave of much current academic thinking on the matter."--Nigel Grimwade, Times Higher Education Supplement

"Frederic Mishkin . . . argues in an important new book, foreign capital can bring big gains at the microeconomic level: more competition, new technology and modern managerial know-how. Inflows of foreign direct investment into the financial system itself are particularly valuable to an emerging country."--Financial Times

"Frederic S. Mishkin . . . argues that when handled with proper safeguards, financial openness can confer many benefits that are often overlooked, like reducing corruption and busting up local monopolies and business oligarchies."--Paul Blustein, Washington Post

"The next great globalization, according to Frederic Mishkin's new book . . . will be financial in character: the flow of foreign money into stocks, bonds and banking in emerging economies. . . . Mr. Mishkin makes a clear and compact case for cosmopolitan capital; and his footnotes . . . weigh and tally a wealth of economic research."--The Economist

"In this economic equivalent of tough love, Mishkin seldom uses a qualifying phrase. The premise is crystal clear: choose the path of globalization that leads to economic development, higher income levels, and general prosperity, or choose the path of globalization that leads to stagnation, stasis, and lower living standards. . . . Advocates of free trade will nod their heads in agreement, and opponents will find plenty of food for thought."--Choice

"The Next Great Globalization is a compelling read for anyone with an interest in the real-life complexities of economic development, and its focus on the often overlooked or maligned role of financial institutions is very welcome."--Diane Coyle, International Affairs

"Offers a plan for reform of developing nations' banking systems. . . . Valuable--and achievable--recommendations for change. . . . The Next Great Globalization describes the failings of the International Monetary Fund well, in part a result of Mishkin's experience as an outside evaluator of the organization."--BusinessWeek

"This book addresses an important global problem: the low state of development experienced by much of the world's population, and it makes a valuable contribution to the development literature by focusing on domestic institutions. Moreover, while most economic discussion about institutions is highly abstract, Mishkin focuses on financial institutions."--Eva Marikova Leeds, Eastern Economic Journal

"This book by a prominent economist and Fed Governor provides invaluable insights into the financial development process, drawing on theoretical research and country experiences to distill the lessons for policymakers. It explains how globalization--both real and financial--can bring prosperity, stability, and wealth to emerging market countries that put in place the necessary institutional reforms when liberalizing their financial systems. The Next Great Globalization is intended not just for economists but also for broader audiences with an interest in financial issues."--Miranda Xafa, World Economics

"This is a workmanlike book written in plain English about an important but currently controversial subject: financial globalization. Its judgements are, by and large, sound. . . . [I]t is . . . worthwhile to have the traditional virtues of financial globalization set out simply and clearly."--Deepak Lal, International History Review

"This book's arguments are backed by sound economic research, and there are important policy lessons to be learned. The material will be valuable for economists and policymakers across the world, but particularly to those working in developing countries and at international financial institutions."--José R. Sánchez-Fung, Economic Change and Restructuring

From the Inside Flap

"The Next Great Globalization offers real understanding of both the causes of recent financial crises around the world and the dramatic opportunities we have in future development in world financial architecture. Mishkin's thoroughness and at the same time his grasp of the big picture come through beautifully in this book."--Robert J. Shiller, author of Irrational Exuberance and The New Financial Order

"At long last a book that stares the financial sector firmly in the eye, shows its serious faults, identifies the factors that lie behind them, and proposes constructive solutions for developing economies. This highly readable book is rooted in state-of-the-art research on recent developments in emerging market economies. It convincingly posits a central and controversial proposition: namely, that private financiers, given the right set of incentives, can open the doors to progress, while their absence will likely perpetuate inefficiency and cronyism. Mishkin has thrown down his gauntlet to the antiglobalizers for whom the financial sector is a bête noire. Readers will enjoy this book, and engaging in the debate that will certainly follow."--Guillermo Calvo, University of Maryland, former chief economist at the Inter-American Development Bank

"This is a fabulous book, and I can hardly endorse it strongly enough. It is simply the best single thing I have ever read on financial globalization, and I felt tremendously educated, entertained, and motivated after reading it. It is a great blend of technically accurate and careful argumentation with accessible exposition that will appeal to a wide audience. Indeed, Mishkin's clear, jargon-free, concise writing, combined with his technical expertise and reputation, puts this book far above the vast majority of writings by economists for broader audiences."--William Easterly, author of The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good

"The past six decades have seen a steady forward march in the interdependence of national economies. While many aspects of this globalization process have proved controversial, none has been as potentially explosive as financial globalization-the international integration of national financial markets. Mishkin carefully reviews the factors that have caused financial meltdowns in past emerging-market globalization episodes, and lays out a blueprint for avoiding such crises in the future without cutting off access to foreign finance. Compelling, comprehensive, and accessible, this book makes the case that developing countries can safely embrace financial globalization, and should."--Maurice Obstfeld, University of California, Berkeley

"Eschewing sharp rhetoric in favor of cogent analysis, Mishkin calmly and convincingly explains why developing countries that get financial globalization right will ultimately far outperform those that try to shut it out. Even China will be no exception."--Kenneth Rogoff, Harvard University, former chief economist and director of research, International Monetary Fund

"This is the first book to make a comprehensive and compelling argument for financial globalization. It makes a powerful case that financial globalization is a necessary part of policy reforms to promote economic growth among stagnating countries and provides guidance on how to proceed while avoiding the crises that are sometimes associated with reform. Mishkin has an extraordinary ability to write for a broad audience without sacrificing intellectual rigor. This book should be read by everyone interested in economic development, as well as those focused on financial sector issues."--Ross Levine, Brown University

From the Back Cover

"The Next Great Globalization offers real understanding of both the causes of recent financial crises around the world and the dramatic opportunities we have in future development in world financial architecture. Mishkin's thoroughness and at the same time his grasp of the big picture come through beautifully in this book."--Robert J. Shiller, author of Irrational Exuberance and The New Financial Order

"At long last a book that stares the financial sector firmly in the eye, shows its serious faults, identifies the factors that lie behind them, and proposes constructive solutions for developing economies. This highly readable book is rooted in state-of-the-art research on recent developments in emerging market economies. It convincingly posits a central and controversial proposition: namely, that private financiers, given the right set of incentives, can open the doors to progress, while their absence will likely perpetuate inefficiency and cronyism. Mishkin has thrown down his gauntlet to the antiglobalizers for whom the financial sector is a bête noire. Readers will enjoy this book, and engaging in the debate that will certainly follow."--Guillermo Calvo, University of Maryland, former chief economist at the Inter-American Development Bank

"This is a fabulous book, and I can hardly endorse it strongly enough. It is simply the best single thing I have ever read on financial globalization, and I felt tremendously educated, entertained, and motivated after reading it. It is a great blend of technically accurate and careful argumentation with accessible exposition that will appeal to a wide audience. Indeed, Mishkin's clear, jargon-free, concise writing, combined with his technical expertise and reputation, puts this book far above the vast majority of writings by economists for broader audiences."--William Easterly, author of The White Man's Burden: Why the West's Efforts to Aid the Rest Have Done So Much Ill and So Little Good

"The past six decades have seen a steady forward march in the interdependence of national economies. While many aspects of this globalization process have proved controversial, none has been as potentially explosive as financial globalization-the international integration of national financial markets. Mishkin carefully reviews the factors that have caused financial meltdowns in past emerging-market globalization episodes, and lays out a blueprint for avoiding such crises in the future without cutting off access to foreign finance. Compelling, comprehensive, and accessible, this book makes the case that developing countries can safely embrace financial globalization, and should."--Maurice Obstfeld, University of California, Berkeley

"Eschewing sharp rhetoric in favor of cogent analysis, Mishkin calmly and convincingly explains why developing countries that get financial globalization right will ultimately far outperform those that try to shut it out. Even China will be no exception."--Kenneth Rogoff, Harvard University, former chief economist and director of research, International Monetary Fund

"This is the first book to make a comprehensive and compelling argument for financial globalization. It makes a powerful case that financial globalization is a necessary part of policy reforms to promote economic growth among stagnating countries and provides guidance on how to proceed while avoiding the crises that are sometimes associated with reform. Mishkin has an extraordinary ability to write for a broad audience without sacrificing intellectual rigor. This book should be read by everyone interested in economic development, as well as those focused on financial sector issues."--Ross Levine, Brown University

Most helpful customer reviews

6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
a GREAT book on a GREAT issue
By Jiacu Li
As the final word, Mishkin says: "...the next great globalization should be financial. I hope this book provides some guidance on how it can be done right."

It sure did.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(Since my review is somewhat long, I'll present the outline first.) I've scrutinized the book with much care, and I'll write about the following reviews in sequence:

I. Book's main issue
II. The author's standpoint
III. Book content summary
IV. The writing style
V. My personal view about globalization

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. The issue of the book

This book touches the grand topic of financial globalization, which is something important yet confusing to us ordinary people. Though the topic has a large audience, few writers dared to address it, since the picture of globalization is too big and complex for most to envision, to understand, to interpret. THEY ARE SIMPLY UNABLE TO HANDLE IT. Those who are interested in globalization - and especially financial globalization - have been waited a long time for someone who can really explain it for them.

Mishkin didn't fail us. In a relatively short book, he outlined the whole structure of financial globalization with nations as the basic unit of study.

I think this books is comparable to , in which the journalist Friedman painstaking drew the huge picture of globalization with vivid stories and anecdotes. He did make the whole thing come to live. And this book is different in nature. While Friedman strived to give us an INTUITIVE FEELING about globalization (even created a phrase to capture the elusive concept - "the flat world"), Mishkin tried to RATIONALLY ANALYZE it for us. While Friedman kept our mouth open APPERCIATING the effects of globalization, Mishkin keeps us thinking about HOW it works. While Friedman enabled us to ENVISION it, Mishkin enabled us to UNDERSTAND it.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. The author's standpoint

Like most economists, Mishkin is strongly "pro-globalization", even when talking about the controversial - financial globalization. He believes that successful participation in the world capital market can give weak countries the chance to catch up with their rich brothers. He argues persuasively that financial liberation in a country is mostly about how to get the SYSTEM right. It is the institutional design that matters most, not the amount of capital in it. As he puts it, when the institutional structure is in good shape, the market can attract investment, allocate them to their most effective uses, and keep away from financial crises.

As for the basic infrastructure of financial system, he mentions the following elements again and again:

1. Developing strong property rights. Lack of property right protection kills investment incentives.
2. An effective and efficient legal system. If the legal system doesn't work or work too slowly, it will also be a huge impediment to investing.
3. Financial supervision and regulation. Such practice include increasing market transparency, enforcing strong accounting standards, imposing safe capital requirement of banks, effective supervision of the financial institutions, and so on.

Although the prospect of financial globalization for "emerging market economies" is brilliant, powerful politicians and businesses may have strong will against it. Especially domestic monopolies, they hate globalization because it brings competition.

Mishkin believes that the action of globalization can "force" reluctant officials and business elites to embrace globalization, by giving them incentive and increasing competition.

Mismanagements by the elites will cause severe problems. For example, in an attempt to quickly privatize the banks, the Mexican government made many impudent moves that left the financial system at high risk, which resulted in a lending boom. The same thing happened when the chaebols (huge family-owned conglomerates in South Korea) perverted the financial liberalization process to suit their insatiable thirst for capital, which also resulted in a financial crisis.

The author believes that the financial crises of "emerging market economies" are generally "homegrown". External effects function only as problem accelerators.

In his analysis of the three typical financial crashes, one important villain in monetary policy is "pegged exchange rate + liability dollarization". It is also argued that, to keep the financial system in good shape, both fiscal and monetary policies must be responsible.

He believes, although quite naively, that the IMF and some other institutions (his brainchildren) can be "lender of last resort" and therefore act as the savior of weak countries in trouble.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Content summary

The first part of the book, "Is financial globalization beneficial?" illustrated why financial globalization is bound to come, what it will look like, and how such globalization can change our lives for the better.

Then, the second part, "financial crisis in emerging market economies", showed how the whole thing can go wrong if mishandled. With case studies of three financial crises (respectively in Mexico 94', South Korea 97 - 98', and Argentina 01 - 02'), Mishkin showed us how strong political and business interests can pervert the right course of financial liberalization, give rise to unhealthy lending booms with large amounts of bad loans, and how such problems can eventually turn into currency crises, and finally, full-fledged financial disasters.

The third part, "How can disadvantaged nations make financial globalization work for them", gives prescriptions to developing nations on how to enter into the world capital market profitably and safely.

The fourth part, "How can the International Community Promote Successful Globalization?" centers on the roles of IMF and advanced countries in helping new comers. This part, however well intentioned, is little if at all useful. IMF and other international institutions, in which Mishkin places unjustified hope, are largely manipulated by political interests of strong countries. The world powers dominated it. For example, since the IMF requires an 85% vote to get a bill passed and U.S. counts as 17%, the United States actually has a veto. Probing into the history, we see they frequently fail to act in the interest of the weak countries in trouble. Unfortunately, even Mishkin himself agree that the IMF, as well as the World Bank, cannot take the role of a savior.

The final part, "where do we go from here", is an epilogue with a hopeful look into the bright future of financial globalization.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Writing style

Luckily, his writing is rather layman-friendly! With careful explanation and detailed analysis, even those with no prior knowledge about finance can understand many technical terms after reading. Ever terrified by such words like "liquidity", "liability dollarization" and "financial liberalization"? Don't worry. They will be part of your active vocabulary after this book.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. Some personal thoughts on financial globalization

Although undesired by many, globalization, in today's world, seems more and more unavoidable. Most of us have sensed its rush towards us, gaining momentum along the way. Therefore, we need to get ready for it, with both an open mind but also aware of its potential to do harm.

Caution first:

I think the problem in globalization is INHERENT in PRINCIPLE OF ECONOMICS. Most economists are fond of globalization just like they are fond of free-trade, since globalization is virtually FREE-TRADE in THE WHOLE WORLD. According to the economics theory, "TRADE MAKES PEOPLE BETTER-OFF" by allowing them to specialize in their advantaged area. Free-trade promotes competition, which results in lower prices for better goods.

However, when we take the social effects into account, TRADE DOESN'T NECESSARILY MAKE PEOPLE BETTER-OFF, since it maximizes profits AT THE EXPENSE OF POLARIZATION. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Let's consider welfare: economists would tell you unanimously that any form of welfare reduces economics outcomes. True. But aren't those who live in the European welfare states happy about their society safety net? Furthermore, pursuing free trade and increasing the income gap means decreasing social stability, and this undermines the economy in return - the poor not only get poorer, but also angrier.

Therefore, if the whole world is to be integrated into one single economy (as is the ultimate future goal of globalization), we can expect severer polarization. You might say, well, since a free-trade country can solve its problem, why cannot a free-trade world? The situation is, when wealth distribution gets too uneven in United States, there is still a federal government to redistribute for U.S. citizens. However, when the inequality occurs on a global scale, who is going to redress the problem for World citizens?

An open mind is also important:

There are certainly beneficial outcomes for globalization besides the creation of a world-free-market. Some of them are:

1) Financial opportunities

Utilizing financial globalization resources is a great opportunity for the poor, as illustrated by Prof. Muhammad Yunus's (06 Nobel Peace Laureate) feat with Grameen Bank. His micro-loans to the poor in Bangladesh has lifted millions from absolute poverty by enabling them to operate their own business. On a much larger scale, countries can attract foreign capital to speed up its development, although this must be done with excessive care.

2) Trade globalization

Trade globalization enables developing countries to adopt an export-oriented economy, which proved highly successful, with wonderful examples by the rise of post-war Japan, South Korea, China, etc. With large working forces at lower wages, by focusing on manufacturing, countries can create jobs for their citizens, gain profit from selling things to rich countries, and building political friendship by trading. The fact that almost all countries strive to get into the WTO shows the importance of trade in a country's economic development.

3) Information globalization

Information globalization helps poor countries develop faster. With today's information technology, even the poorest nation can gain access to much of the expertise in leading countries, provided 1) internet is linked 2) literacy. This is really, really exciting! Computers ties the whole world together, and they effectively expedite the process of "learning" between countries, allowing "students" to rapidly grasp the knowledge their "teachers" spent hundreds of years to develop.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In general:

When something is unavoidable, you just have to be ready for it. Globalization is such a thing. The recent fact is that the wealthy are doing a good job harnessing globalization for their use, while the poor are either ignorant or terrified of the issue. This is troublesome. If they do not catch up with the notion of globalization and be prepared, they will be thrown behind even further. They must do something. Frankly, I don't know whether a "globalized" world will stop the gap from widening, but I know an "unevenly globalized" world will make the widening even faster.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Had to buy for class...good read
By bocacoder
If you like to read about economics and finance, this is a good read. I had to read it for an Economics class I was taking, and found ti interesting.

2 of 17 people found the following review helpful.
Get down in the trenches of 21st century globalizationm
By A Reader from Chicago
Whilst Mishkin tells it like it is, you just may want to follow on with "EXTREME COMPETITION" by Fingar, and "THE WORLD IS FLAT," by Aronica and Ramdoo to get to the "what do I do tomorrow."

Great book, Mishkin... readers, keep reading!

See all 3 customer reviews...

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Why a Painting Is Like a Pizza: A Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Modern Art, by Nancy G. Heller

The first time she made a pizza from scratch, art historian Nancy Heller made the observation that led her to write this entertaining guide to contemporary art. Comparing modern art not only to pizzas but also to traditional and children's art, Heller shows us how we can refine analytical tools we already possess to understand and enjoy even the most unfamiliar paintings and sculptures.

How is a painting like a pizza? Both depend on visual balance for much of their overall appeal and, though both can be judged by a set of established standards, pizzas and paintings must ultimately be evaluated in terms of individual taste. By using such commonsense examples and making unexpected connections, this book helps even the most skeptical viewers feel comfortable around contemporary art and see aspects of it they would otherwise miss. Heller discusses how nontraditional works of art are made--and thus how to talk about their composition and formal elements. She also considers why such art is made and what it "means."

At the same time, Heller reassures those of us who have felt uncomfortable around avant-garde art that we don't have to like all--or even any--of it. Yet, if we can relax, we can use the aesthetic awareness developed in everyday life to analyze almost any painting, sculpture, or installation. Heller also gives concise answers to the eight questions she is most frequently asked about contemporary art--from how to tell when an abstract painting is right side up to which works of art belong in a museum.

This book is for anyone who agrees with art critic Clement Greenberg that "All profoundly original art looks ugly at first." It's also for anyone who disagrees. It is for anyone who wants to get more out of a museum or gallery visit and would like to be able to say something more than just "yes" or "no" when asked if they like an artist's work.

  • Sales Rank: #873454 in Books
  • Brand: Brand: Princeton University Press
  • Published on: 2002-11-01
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.98" h x .68" w x 6.00" l, 1.09 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 192 pages
Features
  • Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"This book gives real pleasure and offers a genuine learning experience. Right from the beginning, the author engages the reader with the thought that something that seems so incomprehensible to so many (abstract art) can be understood in the same terms as something as concrete, unthreatening, and comprehensible as a pizza."--Raymond Erickson, editor of Schubert's Vienna

"Nancy G. Heller is a godsend for the average Joe who wants to understand modern art. . . . Heller's funny, accessible book is filled with terrific color pictures for us to look at and get an idea about our individual aesthetic preferences. . . . There's no dour intellectual jargon and gobbleygook here, just plain talk for plain folks who dig art and want to know why."--Gino Vivinetto, St Petersburg Times

"Heller organizes a large body of material coherently. She clearly explains concepts that might otherwise seem novel or complex. She allows space for the critics of the avant-garde. . . . Taken as a whole, Heller's analysis is directed more to creating openness to avant-garde art than to an appreciation or understanding of it. She is not a proselytizer."--Gresham Riley, Philadelphia Inquirer

"In this evocatively titled book, Heller simplifies the complexities of modern avant-garde art, making it palatable and accessible to an uninformed audience. . . . [H]er argument will offer baffled museum and gallery visitors a way to appreciate otherwise difficult work."--Library Journal

"Heller wants to persuade the bewildered that the emperor of contemporary art does in fact have clothes--confusing and abstract clothes, but clothes nonetheless. She realizes that people dislike contemporary art because it makes them feel stupid, so she shies away from the conceptual in favor of formal aspects that everyone can appreciate . . . with jargon-free charm."--Alix Ohlin, The Wilson Quarterly

"Heller realizes that a painting is not like a pizza. She also knows, however, that this and the other homely analogies that pepper her introduction to modern art are entirely appropriate for an audience of curious and suspicious neophytes venturing into difficult terrain. . . . The emphasis on difficult and controversial works, which are compared to more traditional works, to each other, and to common things, introduces various ways of interpreting and evaluating art in the context of specific examples. . . . [S]hort, pithy, and intelligent."--Choice

From the Inside Flap

"Nearly a century after the Armory Show, avant-garde art remains misunderstood by mainstream America. In a practical, industrious country where the fine arts have never been deeply rooted, abstract and conceptual artists are still too often dismissed as silly, untalented, or immoral, with art galleries portrayed as snobbish and greedy. This worsening cultural crisis affects private and public funding, discourages promising new voices, and threatens America's creative future.

Nancy G. Heller's wonderful book arrives in the nick of time. Destined to be a classic of public education, it is lucid, engaging, and ingenious, leading the reader through the difficulties and strategies of avant-garde art. Intended for the general audience, the book is also must reading for teachers throughout the humanities, which have become distracted by jargon and ideology. Heller is an inspiring role model for university scholars, who must recover and renew their central mission of teaching."--Camille Paglia, University Professor and Professor of Humanities, University of the Art

"This delightful, down-to-earth guide demystifies the act of looking at modern and contemporary art with clarity and humor, drawing upon a diverse and wide-ranging array of artworks, which are abundantly reproduced. It will definitely appeal to novice viewers perplexed by the enigmas of earthworks and the splatters, scrapes, and splashes of non-traditional art, and it just may convince a few skeptics to look for beauty in unexpected places. Why a Painting is Like a Pizza is an ideal book for beginners because Nancy Heller leads us through the basics of analyzing the elements of any work of art while sharing tales of her own, often humorous, peregrinations to museums and galleries. She is an ideal companion---full of fun, facts, genuine enthusiasm, and a healthy respect for viewers abilities and their personal responses."--Bay Hallowell, Coordinator of Special Projects, Youth, and Family Programs, Philadelphia Museum of Art

"Nancy Heller has wrought a minor miracle. She has written a book about art that is of interest to both the layperson and the professional. Why a Painting Is Like a Pizza is informative and highly entertaining. By exploring the context within which art is made and exhibited, and by probing the criteria for evaluating it, Heller has constructed a useful framework for looking at art meaningfully. Without belittling artists and their work, she has demystified the artistic process. Through her pragmatic, everyday analogies she helps us see that all art is an act of communication and that the visitor's response--whatever it might be--is valid."--Susan S. Badder, Curator of Education, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

"Reading Why a Painting is Like a Pizza: A Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Modern Art is like having a personal guide at your side as you make your way through unfamiliar territory. We feel that we are in a gallery, engaged in an engrossing conversation with somebody who knows a great deal about modern art, but does not pretend to know all the answers, or even believe that answers are always available. While we hear Nancy Heller's highly intelligent and often very witty voice throughout the entire book, we also hear our own, for the author seems to know what we are thinking, wondering, and even resisting before we have been able to put our questions and doubts into words.

Nancy Heller presents the contemporary art world as it is, daring to bring up works that may raise eyebrows. She accepts our confusion and bewilderment as valid, and is always able to explain the challenges that some contemporary artists throw at us. She introduces important ideas in non-threatening, easily palatable ways, always defining new terms immediately, and never allowing us to fall into the abyss of art jargon. Background information is clear and to the point; illustrations are well described and always support the text.

While openly acknowledging that some contemporary art may seem outrageous, the author welcomes the opportunity to consider its message. In fact, she suggests that life would be far less interesting without art works that jar us from time to time. Showing equal respect for artist, museum, and viewer, she helps us understand all sides of the art world. As we reach the end of the book, we know we have been in the hands of a good guide who has helped us take real pleasure in looking at modern art and has given us courage to strike out on our own and make judgments for ourselves.

Why a Painting is Like a Pizza: A Guide to Understanding and Enjoying Modern Art will be a great help to teachers, museum guides, parents, and art-interested people of all stripes who are looking for ways to explain modern art to themselves, family, students, and friends."--Linda Andre, Program Specialist for Teacher Services, The Sylvia Friedberg Nachlas Endowed Chair in Museum Education, Department of Education & Interpretation, The Baltimore Museum of Art

"So much writing on modern art is dessicated intellectualism, jargon laden, and marinated in theory. Here, instead, we have a simple and clear presentation, truly accessible to students, general readers, and museum beginners."--A. Richard Turner, author of Inventing Leonardo

From the Back Cover

"Nearly a century after the Armory Show, avant-garde art remains misunderstood by mainstream America. In a practical, industrious country where the fine arts have never been deeply rooted, abstract and conceptual artists are still too often dismissed as silly, untalented, or immoral, with art galleries portrayed as snobbish and greedy. This worsening cultural crisis affects private and public funding, discourages promising new voices, and threatens America's creative future. Nancy G. Heller's wonderful book arrives in the nick of time. Destined to be a classic of public education, it is lucid, engaging, and ingenious, leading the reader through the difficulties and strategies of avant-garde art. Intended for the general audience, the book is also must reading for teachers throughout the humanities, which have become distracted by jargon and ideology. Heller is an inspiring role model for university scholars, who must recover and renew their central mission of teaching."--Camille Paglia, University Professor and Professor of Humanities, University of the Art

"This delightful, down-to-earth guide demystifies the act of looking at modern and contemporary art with clarity and humor, drawing upon a diverse and wide-ranging array of artworks, which are abundantly reproduced. It will definitely appeal to novice viewers perplexed by the enigmas of earthworks and the splatters, scrapes, and splashes of non-traditional art, and it just may convince a few skeptics to look for beauty in unexpected places. Why a Painting is Like a Pizza is an ideal book for beginners because Nancy Heller leads us through the basics of analyzing the elements of any work of art while sharing tales of her own, often humorous, peregrinations to museums and galleries. She is an ideal companion---full of fun, facts, genuine enthusiasm, and a healthy respect for viewers abilities and their personal responses."--Bay Hallowell, Coordinator of Special Projects, Youth, and Family Programs, Philadelphia Museum of Art

"Nancy Heller has wrought a minor miracle. She has written a book about art that is of interest to both the layperson and the professional. Why a Painting Is Like a Pizza is informative and highly entertaining. By exploring the context within which art is made and exhibited, and by probing the criteria for evaluating it, Heller has constructed a useful framework for looking at art meaningfully. Without belittling artists and their work, she has demystified the artistic process. Through her pragmatic, everyday analogies she helps us see that all art is an act of communication and that the visitor's response--whatever it might be--is valid."--Susan S. Badder, Curator of Education, Corcoran Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.

"Reading Why a Painting is Like a Pizza is like having a personal guide at your side as you make your way through unfamiliar territory. We feel that we are in a gallery, engaged in an engrossing conversation with somebody who knows a great deal about modern art, but does not pretend to know all the answers, or even believe that answers are always available. While we hear Nancy Heller's highly intelligent and often very witty voice throughout the entire book, we also hear our own, for the author seems to know what we are thinking, wondering, and even resisting before we have been able to put our questions and doubts into words. "--Linda Andre, Program Specialist for Teacher Services, The Sylvia Friedberg Nachlas Endowed Chair in Museum Education, Department of Education & Interpretation, The Baltimore Museum of Art

"So much writing on modern art is dessicated intellectualism, jargon laden, and marinated in theory. Here, instead, we have a simple and clear presentation, truly accessible to students, general readers, and museum beginners."--A. Richard Turner, author of Inventing Leonardo

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Even if you don't love pizza, this book is for you!
By Michelle Bickers
The book is excellent and helps connect the dots for people with little art history background, but want to understand what they are looking at in Modern Art pieces. The writers tone is enjoyable and keeps the reader engaged. I recommend it!

18 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
A short, readable guide to modern art
By Mike Windsor
If you enjoy looking at modern art, have trouble understanding what you are seeing, and want a simple discussion to help your understanding, then this book is for you. The book does not bog down in explaining the various artistic movements. Rather, it gives discussions that help you appreciate diverse art forms, including "stripe" paintings, monochrome paintings, "drip" paintings, and a variety of sculpture (including boxes, fluorescent lights, and "everyday" objects). Ms. Heller often acknoweledges the criticism that these art forms receive, but explains why a child couldn't really do it, and what makes it art. Ms. Heller even devotes a chapter to "commonsense answers" to "often asked questions" about modern art. The reproductions and photos in the book are well done and seem true to color. And, not to be underestimated, the book is short (under 200 pages, but with many photos), readable, and easy to understand without talking down to the readers. After reading the book, you may still not like a painting or sculpture, but you will certainly have a better appreciation for it. I actually take this book to the museum and refer to it, even though I am reading more in-depth books on modern art. I rarely give five-star reviews, but I cannot say enough good things about this book.

12 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
A Good choice for those skeptical about 'modern' art
By Elizabeth A. Root
This book is intended to introduce the outsider to 'modern' art, in this context meaning avant garde art after 1900. It left me vaguely dissatisfied, but still it's a helpful introduction. The pizza metaphor didn't work too well for me: if I received a pizza with "vivid red and green peppers, glossy black olives, translucent bits of onion, light brown mushrooms slices", I'd be horrified. I will concede that pizza components can be more or less aesthetically arranged, but there is no arrangement that could make those ingredients appealing to me. And if I was sharing a pizza with someone who likes "garbage" pizzas, I'd want those ingredients all on their side, no matter how it looks. Pizzas are primarily for eating. Of course, I'm extremely literal-minded, which may be my problem with the entire subject.

Heller's take on the matter is that art is whatever people choose to call art, and one is entitled to like or dislike whatever one chooses. I can have no quarrel with that. In that case, Heller's quotation of Ambrose Bierce in The Devil's Dictionary: "Art. This word has no definition" is apt. (I do not mean to imply that this is a problem, not being one for Platonic ideals.) This is not, of course, a universal opinion among art critics, including those championing modern art. I don't sympathize too much with Heller's view of modern artists as persecuted: they can be quite nasty and intolerant in turn. As long as one does not try to separate art into fine art versus graphic art versus design, I will say that many abstract works are visually pleasing. I really like the stripe paintings in figure 18 & 19, but I don't see that they are morally different from wallpaper. And I don't see how Morris Lewis's painting (figure 23) is made intriguing by drip marks.

Heller deals with questions about the difficulty of making modern art, which doesn't bother me, but is apparently of great concern to some people. I didn't like Jackson Pollack's work before I knew he poured on the paint, and I like it neither more nor less for knowing that. Even something that looks easy to do may require a good eye - I can appreciate a certain friend's ability to choose colors and patterns, and I freely admit that I couldn't do the same, even though I have mastered getting dressed.

I really appreciate Heller's efforts, but for the most part, I'm not persuaded that most of these pieces are interesting or would repay the effort that she urges us to put into them. I once saw an Ad Reinhart exhibit at the Guggenheim. Heller et al. are quite right: his black paintings are in fact made up of separate squares. I examined the paintings carefully and read analyses about him, (mostly they pointed out that the black paintings are made up of separate squares), but I still don't know why I should care that they are. I am tired of the phrase: "the artist forces the viewer ... ". This completely underestimates my strength of character.

Despite my obvious lack of enthusiasm for the topic, this is good choice for the baffled: well written, carefully and logically explained. Heller apparently put a great deal of effort into choosing good reproductions. She also included cartoons and other illustrations and quotes that illuminate her points and add to the liveliness and charm of the book. So I have to say that in that sense, she did a good job and gave me what I was looking for. I would just recommend that the reader keep in mind that all art docents don't take as broadminded a view as Heller: some consider art to be a compulsory cult, some consider it as existing to challenge social values (especially of the bourgeousie) and wouldn't consider being visually interesting or beautiful as a legitimate goal. Part of my dissatisfaction is the suspicion that some of these other agendas lurk unacknowledged in Heller's thinking. I also found Phillip Yenawine's How to Look At Modern Art interesting, if not quite as good as this. My favorite book on the subject remains Tom Wolfe's The Painted Word. Readers may also enjoy Who the #$&% Is Jackson Pollock?, a documentary about the controversy over the authenticity of a work possibly done by Jackson Pollock.

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My Visit to the Dinosaurs (Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 2), by Aliki

My Visit to the Dinosaurs (Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 2), by Aliki



My Visit to the Dinosaurs (Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 2), by Aliki

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My Visit to the Dinosaurs (Let's-Read-and-Find-Out Science Stage 2), by Aliki

A visit to a museum of natural history provides a little boy with an introduction to the habits, characteristics, and habitats of fourteen kinds of dinosaurs.

  • Sales Rank: #7465617 in Books
  • Published on: 1985-12
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 7.25" h x 9.00" w x .25" l,
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 32 pages

From School Library Journal
PreSchool-Grade 2 Like the original edition, this book introduces young children to dinosaurs through a visit to a natural history museum. The simple text explains how paleontologists discovered dinosaur bones and reconstructed the reptiles' skeletons from their fossilized remains. Also included are brief descriptions of the more well-known dinosaurs, accompanied by full-color illustrations of the creatures as they once appeared. The text of this edition varies little from that of the earlier book. It's the new illustrations that make this revision worth purchasing; Aliki's clear, full-color pictures provide just enough detail to maintain young children's interest without confusing them. Similar in content to Parish's Dinosaur Time (Harper, 1974) and Milton's Dinosaur Days (Random, 1985), Aliki's book is slanted more toward a young listening audience rather than beginning readers. Along with Aliki's Digging Up Dinosaurs (1981) and Fossils Tell of Long Ago (1972, both Crowell), this book gives preschoolers an excellent introduction to paleontology and to the giant reptiles of long ago. Cathryn A. Camper, Minneapolis Public Library
Copyright 1986 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review
"Like the original edition, this book introduces young children to dinosaurs through a visit to a natural history museum. It's the new illustrations that make [it] worth purchasing; Aliki's clear, full-color pictures provide just enough detail to maintain young children's interest without confusing them. An excellent introduction to paleontology." --"SLJ."

About the Author

Aliki has been delighting her many fans since her first book was published. A longtime resident of New York City, she now lives in London.

Aliki's books for young readers include All by Myself!, Digging Up Dinosaurs, Fossils tell of Long Ago, How a Book Is Made, Mummies Made in Egypt, My Feet, My Five Senses, My Visit to the Aquarium, My Visit to the Zoo, Wild and Woolly Mammoths, and William Shakespeare & the Globe.

Most helpful customer reviews

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
A Favorite
By WKC
Both of my sons enjoy this book...over and over and over. Anything about dinosaurs is popular, but this book even provides good educational information.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By P. Scalise
Wonderful experience - easy transaction, fast shipment, all as hoped & expected.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
A wonderful children's introduction to dinosaurs.
By A Customer
Aliki's 'My Visit to the Dinosaurs' is an exciting and scientifically accurate adventure through the dinosaur hall of a museum of natural history.
Children from pre-school up will enjoy their tour
through this fascinating world through the eyes
of a child. The supplemental audo cassettte is
well recorded and easy to follow, an excellent
way for your little one to learn how to read and
increase their vocabulary. Occasional comments by
Prof. Franklin Branley, former Director of the
American Museum of Natural History in New York
City are an added treat.

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Sabtu, 19 Maret 2016

^^ Get Free Ebook Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes

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Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes

Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes



Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes

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Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage, by Kenneth S. Deffeyes

In 2001, Kenneth Deffeyes made a grim prediction: world oil production would reach a peak within the next decade--and there was nothing anyone could do to stop it. Deffeyes's claim echoed the work of geophysicist M. King Hubbert, who in 1956 predicted that U.S. oil production would reach its highest level in the early 1970s. Though roundly criticized by oil experts and economists, Hubbert's prediction came true in 1970.

In this updated edition of Hubbert's Peak, Deffeyes explains the crisis that few now deny we are headed toward. Using geology and economics, he shows how everything from the rising price of groceries to the subprime mortgage crisis has been exacerbated by the shrinking supply--and growing price--of oil. Although there is no easy solution to these problems, Deffeyes argues that the first step is understanding the trouble that we are in.

  • Sales Rank: #1172692 in Books
  • Published on: 2008-10-19
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.10" h x .70" w x 6.00" l, .80 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 232 pages

From Scientific American
You have to wonder about the judgment of a man who writes, "As I drive by those smelly refineries on the New Jersey Turnpike, I want to roll the windows down and inhale deeply." But for Kenneth S. Deffeyes, that's the smell of home. The son of a petroleum engineer, he was born in Oklahoma, "grew up in the oil patch," became a geologist and worked for Shell Oil before becoming a professor at Princeton University. And he still knows how to wield a 36-inch-long pipe wrench.

In Hubbert's Peak, Deffeyes writes with good humor about the oil business, but he delivers a sobering message: the 100-year petroleum era is nearly over. Global oil production will peak sometime between 2004 and 2008, and the world's production of crude oil "will fall, never to rise again." If Deffeyes is right--and if nothing is done to reduce the increasing global thirst for oil--energy prices will soar and economies will be plunged into recession as they desperately search for alternatives.

It's tempting to dismiss Deffeyes as just another of the doomsayers who have been predicting, almost since oil was discovered, that we are running out of it. But Deffeyes makes a persuasive case that this time it's for real. This is an oilman and geologist's assessment of the future, grounded in cold mathematics. And it's frightening. Deffeyes's prediction is based on the work of M. King Hubbert, a Shell geologist who in 1956 predicted that U.S. oil production would peak in the early 1970s and then begin to decline. Hubbert was dismissed by many experts inside and outside the oil industry. Pro-Hubbert and anti-Hubbert factions arose and persisted until 1970, when U.S. oil production peaked and started its long decline.

The Hubbert method is based on the observation that oil production in any region follows a bell-shaped curve. Production increases rapidly at first, as the cheapest and most readily accessible oil is recovered. As the difficulty of extracting the oil increases, it becomes more expensive and less competitive with other fuels. Production slows, levels off and begins to fall.

Hubbert demonstrated that total U.S. oil production in 1956 was tracing the upside of such a curve. To know when the curve would most likely peak, however, he had to know how much oil remained in the ground. Underground reserves provide a glimpse of the future: when the rate of new discoveries does not keep up with the growth of oil production, the amount of oil remaining underground begins to fall. That's a tip-off that a decline in production lies ahead.

Deffeyes used a slightly more sophisticated version of the Hubbert method to make the global calculations. The numbers pointed to 2003 as the year of peak production, but because estimates of global reserves are inexact, Deffeyes settled on a range from 2004 to 2008. Three things could upset Deffeyes's prediction. One would be the discovery of huge new oil deposits. A second would be the development of drilling technology that could squeeze more oil from known reserves. And a third would be a steep rise in oil prices, which would make it profitable to recover even the most stubbornly buried oil.

In a delightfully readable and informative primer on oil exploration and drilling, Deffeyes addresses each point. First, the discovery of new oil reserves is unlikely--petroleum geologists have been nearly everywhere, and no substantial finds have been made since the 1970s. Second, billions have already been poured into drilling technology, and it's not going to get much better. And last, even very high oil prices won't spur enough new production to delay the inevitable peak.

"This much is certain," he writes. "No initiative put in place starting today can have a substantial effect on the peak production year. No Caspian Sea exploration, no drilling in the South China Sea, no SUV replacements, no renewable energy projects can be brought on at a sufficient rate to avoid a bidding war for the remaining oil."

The only answer, Deffeyes says, is to move as quickly as possible to alternative fuels--including natural gas and nuclear power, as well as solar, wind and geothermal energy. "Running out of energy in the long run is not the problem," Deffeyes explains. "The bind comes during the next 10 years: getting over our dependence on crude oil."

The petroleum era is coming to a close. "Fossil fuels are a one-time gift that lifted us up from subsistence agriculture and eventually should lead us to a future based on renewable resources," Deffeyes writes. Those are strong words for a man raised in the oil patch. For the rest of us, the end of the world's dependence on oil means we need to make some tough political and economic choices. For Deffeyes, it means he can't go home again.

Paul Raeburn covers science and energy for Business Week and is the author of Mars: Uncovering the Secrets of the Red Planet (National Geographic, 1998).

Review
One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2002

Honorable Mention for the 2001 Award for Best Professional/Scholarly Book in Geography and Earth Science, Association of American Publishers

Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes has reached a conclusion with far-reaching consequences for the entire industrialized world. . . . The 100-year reign of King Oil will be over."--Fred Guterl, Newsweek

Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes makes a persuasive case. . . . This is an oilman and geologist's assessment of the future, grounded in cold mathematics. And it's frightening."--Paul Raeburn, Scientific American

Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes writes with the taut reasoning of a scientist and the passion of someone raised in the industry. His background is ideal for this subject, and the book is a gem. . . . Read Hubbert's Peak--it's better to know what lies ahead than to be surprised too late to respond."--Brian J. Skinner, American Scientist

Praise for the previous edition: "A persuasive prophecy. Hubbert's story is important and needs to be told. I suspect that historians in years to come will recognise Hubbert's Peak as a historical turning point."--Tim Burnhill, New Scientist

Praise for the previous edition: "A most readable handbook. . . . If [Deffeyes] is right we have, at most, two or three years in which to prepare for yet another price shock, and to accelerate our move away from oil as fuel. The strength of the book lies in its solid background and well-explained basis for that single prediction."--Stuart Young, Nature

Praise for the previous edition: "An important new book."--Robert Kuttner, Boston Globe

Praise for the previous edition: "[Some] experts . . . worry that the global peak in production will come in the next decade. . . . A heavyweight has now joined this gloomy chorus. Kenneth Deffeyes argues in a lively new book that global oil production could peak as soon as 2004."--The Economist

Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes, using Hubbert's methodology, shows that the trajectory of world reserves is closely following the pattern of U.S. discovery and depletion, with just a few decades' lag. Drilling deeper, in more remote locations, and with more elaborate technologies won't tap reserves that don't exist. . . . America's energy policy needs to tilt away from oil and in favor of conservation, new technology, and domestic renewables. The time to act is now, before the next wave of gas lines and rationing is upon us."--Robert Kuttner, Business Week

Praise for the previous edition: "There are few things as important nowadays as the energy system, and few books on the subject as thought provoking as this one."--J.R. McNeill, Wilson Quarterly

Praise for the previous edition: "We have long been told that fossil fuels wouldn't last forever, but Deffeyes hypothesis is still startling: Sometime during the next decade, the supply of oil won't keep up with the demand. Because of its broad impact Hubbert's Peak is a must-read for almost everyone--scientists, policy-makers, environmentalists, people who buy cars."--Ann Wagner, NationalJournal.com

Praise for the previous edition: "An ideal freshman reading assignment in any geology course concerned with energy, geological resources, public policy, general science applications in our modern world, or similar topics. All teachers, from high school through graduate level, in all natural sciences, political science, government, business, and engineering courses should read this book and encourage their students to consider its ramifications in their fields."--C. John Mann, Journal of Geoscience

Praise for the previous edition: "[A] small and delightfully readable book."--Choice

Praise for the previous edition: "Deffeyes's unsettling message is that, although society has been slow to respond to the Hubbert's Peak forecast of world oil decline, a permanent drop in oil production will nevertheless begin within the next decade. Humanity has a brief period in which to wean itself from crude oil, increase energy conservation, and design alternative energy sources."--Dan Johnson, The Futurist

Praise for the previous edition: "I commend this book . . . to anyone concerned about the future development of planet Earth."--John Parker, Geoscientist

Praise for the previous edition: "This book sends a message loud and clear: World petroleum production is going to peak within this decade, maybe as early as 2005, but no later than 2009 and there is hardly any way of escaping from this truth. . . . The book is accessible, easy to read and informative."--Subhes C. Bhattacharyya, Natural Resources Forum

Praise for the previous edition: "In the politics of oil, the left is passionately, sentimentally, tree-huggingly pro-environment, while the right shrugs as it climbs into its official mascot, the biggest sport utility vehicle available. . . . In the slide down Hubbert's Peak, political differences will matter less. If those who planned the Sept. 11 attacks know as much about economics as they do about aeronautics, their next target may be the Saudi Arabian oil fields, on which America, Asia, and Europe are overly dependent."--Martin Nolan, The Boston Globe

Praise for the previous edition: "An intelligent, briskly written and refreshingly nontechnical book."--John R. Alden, Baltimore Sun

Praise for the previous edition: "This book . . . should be read . . . by all politicians, by all students, no matter what their discipline, and indeed by anyone concerned about their grandchildren's welfare. Reading Hubbert's Peak is the intellectual equivalent of bungee jumping, being simultaneously exhilarating and terrifying."--R. C. Selley, Geological Magazine

From the Inside Flap

"This book is important in that it is addressed to the general public, which is overwhelmingly ignorant of the fundamentals of earth's resources and basic economics. It will be very useful to teachers, news media personnel, and public policy makers."--Craig W. Van Kirk, Colorado School of Mines

"The timing of this book is excellent. Energy issues will be heard with increasing frequency during the next five years, and the general public will be looking for information with which they can make sense of changes in energy supply and prices."--Robert K. Kaufmann, Boston University

"I read this book with pleasure and profit, learning a great deal painlessly."--Robert M. Solow, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Most helpful customer reviews

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
A tough read but a worthwhile one
By Whitt Patrick Pond
Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage is not an easy read, but it is an important one if you really want to understand why some knowledgable people are trying to warn us about the end of cheap oil. The author, Kenneth Deffeyes, is thoroughly grounded in his material on both the academic and the professional level, having literally grown up in the oil field, worked for some of the largest oil companies in the world, and having taught at Princeton University. He also has the more unique qualification of having actually studied under and worked with M. King Hubbert himself. The problem with his book, however, is that it is written as if presuming that the reader already has some background in both geology and statistics. At less than 200 pages, it is not a particularly long book, but it is rather dense in places, leaving the reader frequently wishing he could interrupt the lecture and ask questions before moving on.

That said, there is much to be gained from reading this book, even if you only truly absorb a quarter of what is being said. Deffeyes goes into great detail on why oil is found where it is and on the history of oil exploration and production, but most significantly he shows how it is possible these days to know whether there is or isn't oil to be found in a given area and why today there is only one area left in the world where a significant oil field could still be found (the South China Sea). And why, even if found, would not be enough to postpone the day of reckoning for more than a few years.

He also goes into detail showing how Hubbert made his uncannily accurate projection of when US domestic oil production would peak (in 1956, Hubbert projected that US production would peak in 1972 -- the actual peak year turned out to be 1970) and of how this method has been used to project when world oil production would peak (2003). This is where a knowledge of statistics comes into play, and one wishes that the editors had urged him towards some further clarifications for the lay readers. But nonetheless, you can still see how the projections have been made and the supporting evidence for why they need to be taken seriously.

This book was published in 2001. The peak year projected in the book for world oil production was 2003. It is worth noting that the cost of oil has more than doubled since that projected peak year. Deffeyes' most compelling warning about our situation comes at the end of chapter seven: "This much is certain: no initiative put in place starting today can have a substantial effect on the peak production year. No Caspian Sea exploration, no drilling in the South China Sea, no SUV replacements, no renewable energy projects can be brought on at a sufficient rate to avoid a bidding war for the remaining oil. At least, let's hope that the war is waged with cash instead of with nuclear warheads."

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A View from the Top of Hubberts Peak - Oil at the crest
By Dr. Ian H. Lavering
The focus of Ken Deffeyes' book is the impending peak in global oil production which is anticipated some time this decade (2001-2010). It will be the consequence of several factors, apart from rising world demand, including a decline in the size and number of newly discovered major oil fields located around the world since the late 1980s. The book reflects upon some of the more technical issues involved in why world oil is about to peak and likely to decline. Kenneth Deffeyes is someone who grew up with a strong family connection to the petroleum industry and he builds upon his subsequent experiences as an academic and teacher to examine the major technical issues underlying the impending decline in 'cheap' oil.

Deffeyes starts his analysis with how oil is formed and aggregates into pools within the pores of rock layers which comprise the earth's crust. This process he links to the unpredictability of identifying oil-bearing regions, and especially to producing the high-grade part of an oil resource. One of the consequences of the uncertainty underlying the geological and exploration activity is that when oil is found in commercial quantities the largest oil fields are usually found early in the discovery process. As a consequence, oil production from a newly-discovered region is likely to peak early in the history of exploration and production and decline notably thereafter. To overcome this empirical trend petroleum exploration must renew the resource by locating and developing new sources of supply, a process which the world has very few options remaining.

For an underlying thesis to his book Deffeyes points to the statistical observation made by his colleague in the petroleum industry M. King Hubbert who in 1956 reported that US domestic oil production was exhibiting a `bell' shaped statistically normal distribution. As a consequence, King Hubbert predicted (somewhat unpopularly at the time) that if this trend continued domestic U.S. oil production would peak in the early 1970s. In fact, the domestic US oil production peak occurred in 1970. Deffeyes postulates, as his central theme that, like King Hubberts' 1950s prediction for the US oil industry, world oil production will follow a 'normal distribution' and thus is now about to experience the peak of global oil production with significant downside consequences. He supports this central thesis by showing how the various forms of petroleum production technology cannot alleviate any ongoing decline in oil productivity.

Deffeyes builds upon the argument that the underlying pattern of oil resource discovery, production and decline is evident in most oil producing regions of the world. He sees no future alternative but to maximise the development of high efficiency technology for oil use, greater use of cogeneration, and serious use of renewable and nuclear energy sources. The overall outlook produced by Deffeyes is not one of optimism but this may be a consequence of his focus on oil alone.

The greatest weakness in his argument is that he does not consider the importance of the most readily available substitute for oil - the supply of natural gas. If a global oil decline becomes readily evident then this will be the ultimate driver that makes the transition to natural gas and renewable energy sources such as hydrogen so much more attractive. The potential for widespread gas substitution is not covered by Deffeyes but for relatively gas-rich nations, such as Australia, the decline of the age of oil may be not be as bad as it could otherwise be. As such, Deffeyes' book is a useful insight into some of the technical aspects of the oil decline but not a complete one. The long-term oil situation may be serious if one limits one's outlook to just one resource (oil) but alternatives are available at a price.

Dr Ian Lavering

Adjunct Professor

Master of Business and Technology Program

UNSW

6 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
EXCELLENT REVIEW OF THE ENERHY SITUATION
By David B. Bennett
Very technical book with a great overview about energy and hydrocarbons in particular. I would not recommend this book as a first book about peak oil, this book is definately written for an audience that has more of a scientific background, but if you are concerned about the phenomenon of peak oil and have the ability to grasp basic scientific concepts, then this book is excellent. Not so much political as some of the other peak oil books, Deffeyes is a second generation petroleum man and a university professor. He deals with the fundamental aspects of peak oil as it relates to oil as a natural resource. Still, I believe that this book is essential reading to anyone trying to come to grips with the idea of peak oil and I highly recommend this book to all concerned people that can deal with the basic science involved. Peak oil is a fact, and everyone needs to understand the reasons why the human race needs to reduce our consumption of oil as soon as possible.

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